Thanks Lucien, searching based on this information I found out that apparently there are already tickets on GitHub for Ionic as well as Capacitor.
Unfortunatelly I wasn’t able to remedy this issue, neither with your suggested fix, nor with the plugin @capacitor-community/safe-area which someone there mentioned. So I guess I’ll have to wait for a fix from the Capacitor dev team.
If anyone feels upvoting the issue: [Bug]: Android 15 enforces edge-to-edge · Issue #7804 · ionic-team/capacitor · GitHub