"ionic run android" starts the emulator, and don't deploy it to the device

@SubEffect More likely you need to add the sdk to the system path, that is why adb: command not found gets thrown, so make sure you add it.

The OP was for not deploying on the connected device - from my personal experiments, I think that could be for one of the following reasons:
- The connected android device is using an old android os version < 4.1
- The cable used to connect the device is of a low quality and fails data transfer

So always run the following command as stated above to list all connected devices:

adb devices -l

Hope this helps,